Love is a universally experienced emotion, but have you ever wondered what exactly happens in our brains when we fall in love? This article explores the science behind this powerful emotion, looking into the neuroscience, chemistry, and biology that underpin love.
Neuroscience of Love
When we fall in love, our brains become active in areas rich in dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with reward and pleasure. These areas include the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the caudate nucleus. Interestingly, these are the same areas activated by cocaine use, explaining the intense 'high' feeling associated with the early stages of love.
Love and the Brain: Chemistry
There's a complex interplay of chemicals involved in love. Here are some of the key players:
- Oxytocin: Often referred to as the 'love hormone', oxytocin is released during cuddling and sexual intercourse, and helps to deepen feelings of attachment.
- Vasopressin: This hormone is linked with behaviors associated with long-term companionship and commitment.
- Endorphins: These chemicals provide a sense of calm, comfort, and emotional stability in a relationship.
Effects of Love on the Brain
Love also has marked effects on the brain. The prefrontal cortex, the area responsible for judgment, tends to be less active in people in love, explaining the sometimes irrational behavior of those newly in love.
Love vs Lust
Interestingly, the brain's response to lust is different from love. Lust activates the hypothalamus and the amygdala, areas associated with desire and reward, while love activates areas associated with reward, but also with care and attachment.
The Biology of Love
Love even alters our biology. When in love, our bodies release more of certain hormones and our physiological patterns can change. For example, people in love have been found to have lower levels of stress hormones.
